Language in Shakespeares The Tempest - 1295 Words

This essay will attempt to find out the type of language that Shakespeare has used to portray the hatred and utter spite Prospero evidently has over Caliban. The great number of offensive dialogue during the argumentative conversation between Caliban and Prospero will be commented on. During the conversation, many ill-disguised remarks of contempt are made by all three characters. This will be analysed further and the reasons and consequences of the exchange will be described. There are a great number of reasons for why Prospero and Caliban are not by any means on respectful terms, and the factors that have lead to this occurrence will be expressed in order to explain the spiteful nature of Prospero in particular. In the play ‘The†¦show more content†¦This depicts the fact that Prospero’s main reason for despising Caliban is that he betrayed his trust and according to Prospero, Caliban was treated with ‘human care’. This language suggests that Prosp ero’s sense of betrayal by Caliban is the reason for his spite and also the reason he and Miranda continuously demean and criticise Caliban. Therefore, here Shakespeare is attempting again to portray a difference in attitudes between Prospero (and Miranda) and Caliban, where Prospero acts on the guidance of his emotions and intellect alone, while Caliban relys on his senses and needs pleasure. For example he wanted to fill ‘this isle with Calibans’ with the failed rape of Miranda. The opposing values held between Prospero and Caliban has lead to no consideration for each others beliefs, which is what has caused the criticism of Caliban and rather inevitably the rift between them. As mentioned earlier, the passage where Prospero argues with Caliban is the first time Caliban appears. Shakespeare quickly uses language to suggest he is something of a ‘abhorred slave’ and that he is despised and imprisoned into a rock by Prospero. The fact that a person o f Prospero’s godly nature and apparent righteousness, due the language Shakespeare uses to create an image of him, would treat someone in this manner suggests to the audience that his hatred of CalibanShow MoreRelated Importance of Language in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1866 Words   |  8 Pagesand differences of opinion regarding the genre of The Tempest, a play by William Shakespeare. In the essays The Backward Voice: Puns and the Comic Subplot of The Tempest, by Maurice Hunt, and The Tempest as Romance and Anti-Romance, by Richard Hillman, the genre of the play is discussed in depth. Using elements such as setting, lines of the characters, and the action that occurs in the play, the authors evaluate Shakespeares play The Tempest to be a romance with a comic subplot, and thereby showRead More tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest892 Words   |  4 PagesColonial Language in Shakespeares The Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempes t      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. They gradually shape thoughts and attitudes on an almost subconscious level. Perhaps Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak states this condition most succinctly in her essay The Burden of English when she writes, Literature buys your assent in an almost clandestine way...for good or ill, as medicine or poison, perhaps always a bit of both(137)Read More The Role of Language in Shakespeares Play The Tempest Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Language in Shakespeares Play The Tempest 1 The role of language in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tempest† is quite significant. To Miranda and Prospero the use of language is a means to knowing oneself. Caliban does not view language in the same light. Prospero taught Caliban to speak, but instead of creating the feeling of empowerment from language, Caliban reacts in insurrectionary manner. Language reminds him how different he is from Miranda and Prospero, and also how they have changedRead More Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 PagesCesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Negritude, originally a literary and ideological movement of French-speaking black intellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneersRead More tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 PagesColonialism in A Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   A Tempest by Aime Cesaire is an attempt to confront and rewrite the idea of colonialism as presented in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.   He is successful at this attempt by changing the point of view of the story.   Cesaire transforms the characters and transposes the scenes to reveal Shakespeare’s Prospero as the exploitative European power and Caliban and Ariel as the exploited natives.   Cesaire’s A Tempest is an effective response to Shakespeare’s The Tempest because heRead MorePost Colonial Translations Of The Tempest : Colonial Society s Universal Mirror1672 Words   |  7 PagesTranslations of The Tempest: Colonial Society’s Universal Mirror Shakespeare’s The Tempest has been viewed through many different lenses, and each translation brings with it a new and differing understanding of Shakespeare’s complex original work. Two specific translations, Coetzee’s novel Disgrace and Cesaire’s play A Tempest, do an exemplary job at translating The Tempest, because both translations looked at a different aspect of the colonizer-colonized relationship. Cesaire s A Tempest translates theRead MoreAn Analysis of Power and Violence in Literature Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment) exerts its control and power over the ruling class using violence, but the power held by the ruling class doesn’t necessarily have to use violence. This passage is clearly portrayed in Aristophanes’ ‘Assembly Women,’ Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest,’ and Cà ©saire’s ‘A Tempest.’ These works of literature focus primarily on the acquisition of power, and how it is used to change, manipulate, and control the people/circumstances/laws in question. Aristophanes’ play, â€Å"Ecclesiazusae† or â€Å"The AssemblyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1267 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience. During the Enlightenment Era, William Shakespeare’s writing were a form of social commentary on the English Government. Endorsed by the king, Shakespeare’s works told tales of tragedy and whimsy, incorporating both fiction and nonfiction elements. One trademark of Shakespeare s plays were the subtle allusions to the concurrent events in the English government. This is evident in his well known and final play, The Tempest. The story of The Tempest tells the tale of Prospero, a fallen duke forcedRead MoreWorld Events Influencing Shakespeare ¨s The Tempest Essay example1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe â€Å"golden age† of poetry, music and literature. It was in the midst of European exploration that Shakespeare wrote, The Tempest. It would be safe to suggest that many of the worldly events during this time, such as the shipwreck of Sea Venture, global colonization, and the works of Michel de Montaigne, had prodigious influences on Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest. The Tempest starts aboard a ship in the middle of the sea caught in a violent hurricane. Members of the audience can hear Gonzola shoutRead MoreThe Character Of Caliban1100 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tempest, was first performed in London, in 1611. The time it was performed in is important, because it was in the same period as the English colonization of the America’s. The Tempest presents a complex metaphor that reflects actual events in the New World during Shakespeare’s era, as portrayed in Prospero’s actions, as well as the European attitude of the New World natives, conveyed in the character of Caliban. Shakespeare provides the play with a clever clue that leads

Fair and Equitable Compensation Essay - 969 Words

Fair and Equitable Compensation MGMT 365 04/01/2012 MGMT 365 04/01/2012 Fair and Equitable Compensation Compensation is an important factor in the business world; both for employees and employers. Employees are trying to get what they feel they are worth. On the other side employers are trying to get quality workers at the best price they can; this is so they can increase their bottom line. Depending on which side you are on, the views of what is fair and equitable varies. The key is to come to an agreement that both can be happy with. The book Strategic Compensation by Martocchio, states â€Å"compensation represents both the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards employees receive for performing their jobs† (P3). Intrinsic represents†¦show more content†¦If a person goes to college or has a skilled trade they should be paid according to their skill level, since they bring that knowledge into the workplace. Employees should do their research before accepting a job offer. They should know what the average pay is for the work they will be doing. This will help them when they come to the bargaining table. On the other side of this argument is the employer. From their perspective they are trying to cut cost and get their money’s worth from their employees. An article by June Lane in Associations Now states that there is five important tips a company should consider when determining a fair compensation. They are equity, purpose, accurate data, job descriptions and more than money (intrinsic). A company that wants quality workers and the ability to retain them will offer their employees a fair and equitable compensation packet. An employer can’t always pay top dollar especially in today’s economy. An employer is in a struggle to keep their employees happy and not bankrupt the company in the process. Employees need to know that compensation is going to be based on the current economic status. Sometimes it can be hard for a company who wants to pay higher wages but don’t have the income to do so. Unions can be a hindrance for a business to deal with. Sometimes t hey are not willing to budge and the company has no choice but to layoff or close down. This is what happed in my hometown of Detroit, Michigan. MyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Fair and Equitable Compensation1766 Words   |  8 Pagesemployees. Adequate rewards and compensations potentially attract a quality work force, maintain the satisfaction of existing employees, keep quality employees from leaving, and motivate them in the workplace. According to research conducted by the Corporate Executive Board, the most important workplace attribute is compensation, (The Increasing Call for Work-Life Balance, 2009). Not only must wages be set high enough to motivate and attract good talent, they must also be equitable—that is, the wage mustRead MoreHuman Resource Practices With Business Goals1363 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness goals with employee motives, a well-rounded compensation plan precedes attainment of these business goals(Martocchio 3). As can be seen by this statement, comp ensation is a major concern for all players in the business world today. As a matter of fact, if a company fails to properly manage their compensation package they will find themselves being left behind by the competition. In particular, what exactly does being left behind in compensation and benefits mean? It stands that other companiesRead MoreThe Determinants Of Employee Performance Essay877 Words   |  4 Pages(Hawaini, Gabriel and Viallet 2007). Employee Compensation is the same thing as employee reward. While employee reward is about how people are rewarded in accordance with their value to the organization, employee compensation according to Rynes, S. L., Gerhart, B., Minette, K. A., (2004). consist of pay and other economic and intangible benefits provided to the employees of an organization in return for the services rendered by them. Thus, compensation is the reward given to employees for utilizingRead MoreThe Business Of Amateur Sports1158 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes is that students are stakeholders in the college revenue success and should benefit. Marx claims if students were paid to play sports, The injustices of fake amateurism would be gone† (Rottenberg). Marx seems to believe that students deserve compensation beyond receiving an education and other stipends. Marx’s article is directed at college football and is narrow in stating his views. By exploring beyond a few sports, or select sports programs, his notion of paying students to play for collegeRead MoreLiterature Review : Employee Retention1187 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies implemented to create more positive organizational climates for the purpose of retaining valuable employees include equitable remuneration that reflects performance, sufficiently challenging and interesting work, as well as opportunities for training and career dev elopment. There are seven main factors that can enhance employee retention. These factors are compensation and appreciation of the performed work, provision of challenging work, chances to be promoted a pleasant atmosphere withinRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Benefits Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesDoyle offers this, â€Å"Employee benefits are non-salary compensation that can vary from company to company. Benefits are indirect and non-cash payments within a compensation package. They are provided by organizations in addition to salary to create a competitive package for the potential employee.† (Doyle, 2016, para. 3). Essentially, this can be taken to mean that employee benefits may be in the form of monetary compensation or still compensation, but without monetary payment to the employee. ExamplesRead MoreJob Satisfaction in Criminal Justice1251 Words   |  5 Pageslong work hours, and lack of public and managerial support. Purpose of the Study: Research shows that the issues surrounding job satisfaction amongst law enforcement personnel establish a causal connection between resources, management style, compensation, and support. This is a complex issue for several reasons: limited funding from governmental agencies, unwillingness for some law enforcement personnel to answer questions that they perceive may prejudice management against them, and the inabilityRead MoreEquity Theory1421 Words   |  6 Pagesperceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. Equity theory is considered as one of the justice theories; it was first developed in 1962 by John Stacey Adams, a workplace and behavioral psychologist, who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the perceived inputs and outcomes of others (Adams, 1965). The belief is that people value fair treatment whichRead MoreThe New York Hotel And Motel Trades Council Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesand other related businesses represented under contract to this union. Employees who have a membership with this union enjoys new and fair representation under a very diverse organizational culture. The association provides incredible union contract for hotel workers in the environment guaranteeing excellent wages, benefits, working conditions, and standard of fair treatment. The pay policy gives employees entitlement to substantial paid time off, full-time employees receiving holidays, personal daysRead MoreThe Ethical Approach Of Bob Bowlsby1484 Words   |  6 Pages The ethical approach that Bob Bowlsby is utilizing in his argument is the justice approach. Bowlsby’s comment deals with fairness. His opinion is that it is not fair for football and male basketball student athletes to receive a salary while female and male student Olympic sport athletes who partake in swimming, wrestling, and lac rosse, for example, do not receive the same benefit (Strickland Moody, 2014, p. C-422). The justice approach is based on fairness, equity, and impartiality as it derives

What is Ethnobotany Free Essays

Introduction Plants have long been used in traditional medicine. They have been known as rich sources of modern medicines, drugs and drug products because they produce a host of bioactive molecules, which serve as chemical defenses against predation or infection. By the mid-1980s, most pharmaceutical manufacturers had abandoned exploring folk practices including plant derivatives in their search for new drugs because of the discovery of microorganisms and fungi including the advances of synthetic chemistry in the production of medicines and antibiotics. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Ethnobotany or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, to date, the pendulum is beginning to swing back towards the appreciation of plants used in traditional medicine that has potential novel therapeutic agents. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 65-80% of the world’s population mostly in developing countries; widely depend on plants for primary healthcare due to poverty and lack of access to modern medicine [1]. Several ethnobotany studies support this report. [2, 3, 4, 5]. Ethnobotany is the study of the interaction between plants and people in their local environment [5, 6] The ethnobotanical approach is actually one of the several methods in choosing plants for pharmacological studies. There are about less than 0.5% of the estimated 265,000 flowering species on earth which have been studied exhaustively for their chemical composition and medicinal value. Ethnobotany studies of medicinal plants have been used in various ways such as to test hypothesis of use and knowledge, describing the use of plants in a given community or listing plants for food, therapeutic and other ethnobotanical purposes[7]. Herbal medicines that have been based on traditional knowledge are estimated at about 60 billion US dollars in the world market today. Traditional medicine has always been recognized as an important tool for the development of novelties in drug discovery [8]. Traditional medicinal practices through indigenous knowledge are common among tribes and local folks as their primary health care system [9, 10, 11, and 12]. Hence, traditional knowledge of medicinal plants as known by indigenous healers and local folks are not only useful for conservation of cultural tradition and biodiversity but also for community health care and drug development. In this study, medicinal plants refer to traditional medicinal plants used to maintain health and treat illnesses, which are used for more than a generation by the informants or may have the knowledge passed to them through time by their ancestors. There were initiatives to explore the biodiversity of Mt. Arayat. Bagunu et al. [13] documented in their unpublished terminal report 77 species of vascular plants in the northwestern slope of Mt. Arayat; 7 species of the Grass Family, 16 families of forest trees, 9 Orchid families, 18 fern species and 75 mushroom species. Follow up researches were undertaken for more detailed identification of plants available in Mt. Arayat covering important aspects of their potentials for health, medicines and food sources. Abille [14] in her inventory of BS Biology researches of natural products-related from 2001 to 2015 found that phytochemical studies had the highest percentage, followed by antimicrobial (anti-bacterial and anti-fungi) studies and cytotoxicity studies the least. Anent to these studies are the revelations of folk healers that they use some of these plants for treating illnesses and diseases as mentioned in an unpublished report of Espiritu[15] where 55 medicinal plants were identified specifically of their medicinal contributions based on local names. However, the quantitative analysis of the data was a bit explored. Ong and Kim[16] mentioned only one conducted quantitative ethnobotany study by Abe and Ohtani in 2012 in the Philippines in his review of related literature and none so far in Central Luzon. Hence, this study serves as springboard for the understanding of the relative cultural importance of these medicinal plant studied in Mt. Arayat, Pampanga, Philippines and thus support communities to manage their resources more effeftively or finding plants that maybe useful to the community for medical or other purposes. Consistent with R ; D priorities of the agenda thrust of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for 2011-2016 to address the identified pressing health problems of the Filipino people by the Department of Health (DOH), the study is aligned with the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) towards drug discovery from natural and indigenous sources through ethnobotany. Thus, the documentation of the traditional uses of plants particularly for medicinal value is an urgent matter for preserving the knowledge and providing baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies and natural product development, which are valuable in healthcare. How to cite What is Ethnobotany, Papers

Influence of Organizational Structure Types †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Organizational Structure Types. Answer: Introduction Strategy can be defined as a combined and synchronized set of activities and commitments conducted by the managers which is intended to exploit the core competencies of the organization and to gain competitive advantage over its competitors (Gibbons, Scott and Fhionnlaoich, 2015). The organizational structure can be defined as the formal reporting associations, processes, regulations, authorities and decision making processes of the organization. The structure of the organization comprises of three elements viz. control structures, administrative structures and accountability structures. Control structures include the mechanism for assessing the performance of the human resources employed in the organizational structure. Administrative structure defines the classification of labor on the basis of tasks in the organization whereas accountability structures explain the allocation of responsibilities and authority to people in the organization (Bielawska, 2016). So, in this literature review, the various aspects of the relationship between the strategy and organizational structure will be stated along with the analysis of the findings present in the review. According to Maduenyi et al. (2015) the organization cannot exist without a proper structure. The goal of organizational structure is the allocation of the duties and responsibilities among the human resources and the synchronization of their activities to accomplish the objectives of the organization. The organizational structure comprises of the level of horizontal integration, layers of hierarchy, centralization of power and methods of communication. As per Ajagbe et al. (2016) organizational strategy can be explained as the direction and the scope of the company over a long period of time thereby assisting the organization to benefit with the help of alignment of resources. There are various components of the organizational strategy which aligns the organizational structure to accomplish the goals of the organization. It comprises of the mission statement which defines the purpose of the existence of the organization. The vision refers to the projected state of the organization in the future. The objectives intrude the discipline in the strategy. They determine the specific goals of the organization over a period of time (Waribugo and Etim, 2016). Therefore, the strategy and the structure should be aligned to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The transformations in the operating environment of the company and its structure must be aligned to harmonize with the organizational strategy so that the company can confront the dynamic and volatile forces operating in the industry in which it operates. The coordination of the strategy, structure, environment and the core competencies of the organization is known as Strategic Fit (Kalay and Lynn, 2014). It is a universally accepted position of many scholars that Structure follows Strategy. It suggests that every commercial activity in which the firm is involved is based on its strategies. Thus it is the main factor for the development of the organizational structure. The structure of the organization is one of the important means through which the strategy is implemented to create equilibrium between the firms competence and efficacy. The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Concepts of the Relationship between the Organizational Strategy and Structure and their Contribution to Knowledge The relationship between the organizational structure and the strategy play an important role in the success of the company. For the accomplishment of the objectives of the company, the mission, vision and objectives are interlinked to its divisional, departmental and individual goals .Thus the new strategies require a modified structure if the organization has to be operated successfully. An appropriate match between the strategy and the structure results in high performance in the company (Daniel, 2015). According to the opinion of Neis, Pereira and Maccari (2016) the success of the transformations in the strategy of the organization is also dependent on the changes in its structure. The relationship of the cause and effect between the strategy and structure can be seen in the organizations which implement the strategies of vertical integration. As and when the management of the company decides to assimilate the new production processes in its production strategies, a need for the new and modified organizational structure emerges. But this aspect also has some weaknesses. Sometimes the strategy and structural relationships may result in certain complications which may be difficult to cope up within the dynamic environment of the industry in which the company operates. The complexity of the strategic changes needs to be managed properly rather than imposing an organizational structure as it may be inappropriate for the evolution of the innovative strategies (Nickols, 2016). Also, the organizational structure can be created or modified for the wrong reasons. It may result in the failure of the planning and re-planning efforts. The interrelation and coordination of the various structural units can be incomplete. The connection of the organizational strategy with the modified structure may be ambiguous or non-existing in some cases (Jani?ijevi?, 2013). The top management cannot implement a new strategy and direction and expect the organizational structure to be molded immediately. To apply the strategic shift, a complete transformation is required within the organization itself. The change in the strategies must be based on the cause and effect analysis on the goals of the organization. If it is not well executed then it will result in the failure in executing the strategies of the organization. Thus, the strategic transformation should support the strategy (Hunter, 2015). Analysis of the findings presented in the literature review Structure and strategy are linked to each other. The company whole making the transformations in the strategy must also consider the fact that every aspect of the structure must support the strategy. It will lead to implementing the transformations which will be everlasting. Thus the success of the strategic transformations depends upon their appropriateness (Rastislav and Silvia, 2015). Transforming the strategy pertains to transforming everything in the organization. The strategy should be changed in a desirable way which is acceptable by the management at all the levels of the organization. The organizational structure and strategy decide the objectives of the company together. With clear and defined strategies about what the company aspires to achieve, it will progress to align its structure to the best possible way to achieve the objectives. For the company to accomplish its objectives, the strategy and structures must be combined thoroughly. Structure is supported by strategy (Aleksi? and Jelavi?, 2017). If the company transforms its strategy, it must change its structures accordingly. A mismatch between the two may result in failure to accomplish the objectives if the company. If there is a failure in transformation of the structure according to the strategy, it will pull back the organization to its old strategy. If strategy is about implementing a plan, then an appropriate means of structuring the activities and resources should be found and maintained. Without the proper alignment of strategy, structure and environment, the organization may face problems in achieving long term success (Anwar, Shah and Hasnu, 2016). Thus the organization should adopt the approaches of flexibility, adaptability, creativity, empowerment and support of the team to maintain a balance between the strategy and structure (Steiger, Hammou and Galib, 2014). Conclusion Hence, to conclude, it can be said that the strategy of the organization explain the methods to accomplish the goals of the organization with the available resources and capabilities, to cope up with its threats and opportunities. For coordinating the structure with the strategies, there must be a close coordination amongst all the functions of the organization. The companies adjust their structures according to their strategies. The companies with low capital adopt the simplest structures to regulate their cost of product development costs. To accomplish their goals, there must be few layers in decision making and authority structures and a centralized focus on the process improvements. References Ajagbe , M.A., Bih , J., Olujobi , J.O. and Udo , E.E.U.(2016) Which Precedes the other? Organizational Strategy or Organizational Structure. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management. 2(6), pp. 50-66. Aleksi? , A. and Jelavi?, S.R.(2017) Testing for Strategy-Structure Fit and Its Importance For Performance. Management. 22(1),pp. 85-102. Anwar, J., Shah , S. and Hasnu, S.(2016) Business Strategy and Organizational Performance: Measures and Relationships. Pakistan Economic and Social Review. 54(1),pp. 97-122. Bielawska, A.Z. (2016) Perceived mutual impact of strategy and organizational structure: Findings from the high-technology enterprises. Journal of Management Organization. 22(5), pp. 599-622. Daniel , R.M.(2015) Revisiting the strategic management process through the levels of strategy analysis. Asian Journal of Management Research. 6(1),pp. 29-34. Gibbons, P., Scott, P.S. and Fhionnlaoich, C.M.(2015) Strategic management: A perspective on the development of the field of strategic management and the contribution of the Irish Journal of Management. Irish Journal of Management. 34(1), pp. 22-41. Hunter, S.D. (2015) Combining Theoretical Perspectives on the Organizational Structure -Performance Relationship. Journal of Organization Design. 4(2),pp. 24-37. Jani?ijevi?, N. (2013) The Mutual Impact of Organizational Culture And Structure. Economic Annals. LVIII(198),pp. 35-60. Kalay, F. and Lynn, G.S. (2014)The Impact of Strategic Innovation Management Practices on Firm Innovation Performance. Research Journal of Business Management.2(3),pp. 412-429. Maduenyi, S. , Oke, A.O., Fadeyi, O. and Ajagbe, M.A.(2015) Impact of Organizational Structure on Organizational Performance [online] Available from: https://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/5296/1/Paper%20140.pdf [Accessed 31st March, 2018]. Neis, D.F., Pereira, M.F. and Maccari, E.A. (2016) Strategic Planning Process and Organizational Structure: impacts, confluence and similarities [online] Available from: https://www.bbronline.com.br/public/edicoes/ahead/3112-en.pdf Nickols , F.(2016) Strategy, Strategic Planning, Strategic Thinking, Strategic Management [online] Available from: https://www.nickols.us/strategy_etc.pdf Rastislav, R. and Silvia, L. (2015) Strategic Management of Business Performance Based on Innovations and Information Support in Specific Conditions of Slovakia. Journal of Competitiveness. 7(1),pp. 3-21. Steiger, J.S., Hammou, K.A. and Galib, M.H. (2014) An Examination of the Influence of Organizational Structure Types and Management Levels on Knowledge Management Practices in Organizations. International Journal of Business and Management.9(6),pp. 43-57. Waribugo, S. and Etim, A.E. (2016) The Impact of Structure on Strategy Implementation among Telecommunication Firms in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management.8(14),pp. 59-68.